tactical search
When driving reconnaissance in mountains and forests should not only be able to read other people's tracks, but also to know, It disappears when your own. So, at + 15C marks on the grass are low almost unnoticeable. Across 3-4 hours of grass fully rectified. Tall grass is rectified through the 5-6 hours. In the dewy morning grass tracks seen during the 3-4 hours.
When traveling often look back - at the same time you can see and appreciate their own tracks, left group. Similarly, they will assess the enemy.
When crawling through dirty and wet road portions do it with a support on both elbows, holding the machine in both hands. When crawling in the grass or in the bushes with one hand gently "nasharivat" in front of him - the only way to detect stretching.
Try to move the cross-country "across the" ruggedness - it is difficult to enemy action against you.
The forested mountainous terrain and in the afternoon, and fighters razvedspetsgruppy night must be able to navigate to a high landmarks, local subjects, in map and compass, the stars and the moon.
In the dense forest, and in the afternoon, and night, in the absence of visible landmarks and celestial bodies, We have to be guided by the compass, zverinomu chutyyu, developed sense of space and exercise time feeling.
The Rockies razvedpoisk often held in the daytime because of the difficulties of orientation and mobility. Nomination to the search object, usually, difficult passable through portions, that requires certain skills of movement in the mountains and the mountain of obstacles to overcome. Orienteering in the mountains is a very complex. It usually takes place with reference to the details of mountain terrain - to the heights, ridges, saddle, separate large stones, roads, stamp, with obligatory memorization area, of which was. It should be remembered, that the mountain peaks, when viewed from different angles, drastically change their shape. Overview of the area is very large, limited depth of the rock labyrinths, and landmarks are often lost from sight. Therefore, it is necessary to learn in advance the route map, aerial photos, visually elaborate on the panoramic photos, made with helicopters and other reconnaissance, which took place earlier this route. When driving on the route in the mountains need to be sure to keep a record of the distance traveled. In the mountains, it is necessary to have a compass and map. In the fog, you can continue to move only safe, proven and previously passed route. In all other cases, the movement becomes dangerous, meaningless and therefore prohibited!
Large forces are always tied to the roads, which in the mountains little. Therefore, the role of small groups, which are better able to fast, unexpected and effective action.
Steep terrain creates the possibility of wide maneuver small groups to bypass the secret outposts enemy, but again, it is necessary to avoid driving on mountain roads, gorges, Trope and defile, not to run into an ambush. When driving you must use the rugged terrain. During the day most safely and efficiently move along the spurs of the ridges, rather than through the gorges, that the enemy keeps under constant review. It is best to move along the ramp at a height 2/3-3/4 the total height of the ramp. It should be taken into account, that the observation points and secret checkpoints enemy sets mostly on the slopes, facing said common line of contact (front). Do not linger long at the height of the crest and on the tops! routes, walkable along the ridges of heights, which has the potential to observe the enemy, must be overcome by the reverse slopes, the crossing of the ridges or peaks do not open, and to pass through the cracks, depressions, etc.. When driving in the mountains and all the terrain you must often take short stop in front of obstacles and dangerous places for recreation, observation and listening (cm. earlier).
During the exploration of the mountain passes to avoid traffic on the roads and trails, laid on a particular pass. All these ways of movement of an opponent is in control. Movement in the mountains on the trails at all dangerous, because next to them is very convenient to do sniper ambush. A good shooter with a sniper rifle does not leave reconnaissance chance of survival. It is advisable to first climb the ramp closest to the pass height, and from there to observe carefully the pass and the approaches to it, and then secretly put forward to the pass.
All heights in the mountains carefully examined with handy items, from several points, appears on its face to reveal the presence of the enemy. Then, the commander sends razvedspetsgruppy two pairs sentinel for more thorough inspection height, its foot and opposing ramps. Height should be inspected, not advancing their crests. Inspection is carried out with the stingrays or detour from the. If there is a need to explore and crests, respectively stand sentinel (in pairs). To be able to pass their units on the map is the slope of the ramps, for hidden approaches, seats, which can observe the enemy, ways around the height and location, where the enemy has the potential ambush or put stray firepower. These places, namely: ravine, dell, cleft, bushes, nahromozhdenyya stones, structure, debris, etc.. group examined very carefully. If these places seem suspicious, first they shelled, if possible, and then examined.
When viewed from the gorge, deep ravine, the narrows, cleft sentinel pair move in the bottom of the ravine, and just ahead of them on both ramps (sides) ravine move along two pairs of sentinel. If you do not do, do not move in such a "leap", sentinel, located at the bottom, They can be easily destroyed or captured by the adversary. This is one of the basic principles of warfare in the mountains - all defending or attacking the so-called "reverse horseshoe" – "Horns" forward, bending down its flanks on slopes of hills, facing the enemy, on the principle of fire pockets traps. On the bottom of the ravine (gorge), usually, enhanced team advances stripping under covering fire from above. reserves, usually, are located in two places on the directions, available for their nomination, or are in the areas in mobile mode.
During the exploration of the deep ravine, cleft, gorge, gorge focuses on exploration of tactical heights, along and on either side of the test deep and narrow space. Reconnaissance moves with the previously mentioned order - advance scouts on slopes of hills, facing the gorge, and the basic composition of the group - behind them on the bottom of the gorge.
During the exploration short, but dangerous crevices, dimples, beams, gully, defiles the basic structure remains at the entrance to her, and patrol inspecting a crevasse, moving along its lateral slopes. Fire cover for the position occupied by the inspection end sentinel at an exit from clefts and give a signal: "The path is clear". Under cover of the main part extends narrows (crevice).
According to the situation can be improved side patrols. During the exploration of the gorge inspect rocky scree, heaps of boulders and large fragments of rock, thicket, shady place to detect guerrilla ambushes, and secret-posts.
The nomination by a small group of mountain, on its slope when searching, combing, Open hostilities also produced a ledge.
During the exploration of the mountain river for the passage of the divisions established: width, depth, flow rate, character shores (scree, slope), presence ship, crossings, the possibility of using improvised crossing equipment, run-in is determined by boulders possible water level raising. The width of the river is determined mainly by eye or by a method similar triangles (cm. clip 2). The flow rate is determined using a light object, which rushes into the river and moves the flow velocity. For speeds of up to 0,5 m / sec. It considered weak, to 1 m / sec. - average, to 2 m / sec. - fast, over 2 m / sec. - very fast.
When viewed from the bridges to determine: the presence of security and how it, capacity, length and width, the presence of a ford near the bridge, and the curvature of the access roads to it. Unprotected bridge to inspect the compliance with security measures - the retreating enemy always undermine Bridge. When viewed from the bridge a couple of lookouts under covering fire of the main composition of the group examining the bridge above and below.
When driving razvedspetsgruppe one way or another will have to look for a ford across the mountain streams. The best time to overcome the mountain rivers is morning, when the water level in the rivers of the minimum, and the probability of its smallest increase. In the afternoon, the water level rises due to melting snow and glaciers. Therefore places, available in the morning, in the afternoon can become impassable.
The most accessible place for the crossing areas are enhanced channel. Brod is recommended to look below the rocky islands in the places with the most calm water surface. Better to choose a ford in places, where there are few large boulders - near the bottom of their "podmytuyu" and deepened. The presence of fords point to the path, sloping down to the river and coming out of the water on the opposite bank.
The river is necessary to move in pairs or in small groups under the covering fire of their.
When driving "the quiet shallows", not to create noise, gradually lower the leg "toe", dragging her through the water, as if walking on skis. If you want to remove the foot from the water, it is done slowly, "the toe-down", that water glass as possible noiseless toe shoe down.
It should be remembered, ravines that, dell, gorge, bushes near the water (river) can serve as watering places (water extraction) or crossing, or hidden enemy concentration and prepare them crossing equipment.
In the mountains, the scouts need to constantly monitor the weather conditions, Avoid traffic on the fairways weirs, not stay a long time in the narrow valleys and gorges, during rainy crossings and listen to possible occurrence of noise or approaching water mudflow.
It should be understood, which is accompanied by so-called "white noise" over the mountain river, calming effect on the human. "White Noise" and lulls the attention weakening. This explains why, that you can not even hear the shot near the mountain river.
In steep forested mountainous terrain razvedpoisk expedient to carry out during the morning and evening twilight, loose fog, morning fog on the part of the rising sun, and to search for small, than usual, composition reconnaissance.
Combat experience shows, that the search in the mountains at night is ineffective, for the reason, the nights in the mountains darken, than on the plain. In addition, the complexity of the orientation and steep terrain make it difficult for the intended output razvedspetsgruppy items. All this requires a high degree of training personnel - otherwise the operation is fraught with unjustified losses. However, the operating environment may cause to search at night (and it often happens), but it requires flawless proficiency and the highest degree of fitness special group fighters. Miracles do not happen. For night work and night-travel cross-country, you must have a trained sense of space, orientation, specific sense of navigation and a strong sense of time.
If necessary, carry razvedpoisk night in forested mountainous terrain preparation for it carefully held in the afternoon. The route is prepared on the basis of intelligence surveillance data, topography, aerial photography, panoramic photographs and works on the model of the terrain.
Route to scale and in the fine detail is represented visually in various angles, stored inside of the "dark memory" and thus fit into the consciousness.
When driving at night should choose dark lowlands, so as not to be projected on the background of night sky (stars), and adhere to the Moon's shadow. Route of choosing a, to coincide with a clearly visible landmarks or projected on the background of night sky high local items.
On a clear night in the forest, and the mountains of the motion can be guided by the North Star. Driving directions can be determined and other stars, but it should be borne in mind, that hour, they moved about 15 °.
When driving at night on a cross-country, to be lost, fighters kept a chain on a rope with knots. According to her the necessary signals are transmitted. Strong rope with knots a very useful thing for almost any group of special forces, and it should be in gear.
When operating at night in the mountains of concrete intelligence on the move is carried out only after careful observation in night vision and no less attentive listening device. The movement is made after careful viewing of the route section lying ahead in night vision device. It is prohibited to move further scanned area boundary! Before viewing locations abroad planned next stopping point, observation and listening. The movement takes place from this point and until the next scanned item. Such short stops at night in the mountains must be done very often. At night and in low visibility conditions razvedspetsgruppa must strictly respect the absolute quiet, Do not smoke, do not light fires. All commands and transmit signals only in a whisper, or pulling the rope. It is necessary to avoid the traffic on the height of the crest, not to "illuminates" the sky. Even at night you need to duck and hide behind local items, so as not to be seen by the enemy in the night vision goggles.
Nightfall audibility mountain and forest due to the increased humidity and the air density is increased. At night the noise Gardening works, produced by the opponent, It can be heard a kilometer and a half or two. For you it is valuable, Gardening work for the day no one will not lead. But the noise when your movement will also be heard quite far. Creaking under snow boots can be heard in the mountains, four hundred meters. Snow will not crunched, sole or beaver lamb wrapped in rags. movement of machinery in the mountains - it is a separate, extensive, and require intensive training topic.
Try at least to be quiet on the move. When you move the stone scree leg to grope a hard place. When stumbling do not try to stay on his feet - still will crash with a terrible noise. If you feel, that you suffered, and the site is relatively flat, and you do not "pull" to the precipice, fall down softly and quietly, Why then buckled legs, are grouped together and fall to the side, Spread your arms and legs, not to roll downhill.
Remember the mines. Night in a wooded area on the elbow bent bare hand to keep a, its time to feel the thread or stretching.
While driving with stops to observe and listen to rest on his knees! And the body is resting, and simultaneously relaxes hearing. Under knees enclose gloves. In any case not to sit "on the ass"! It relaxes and reduces the overall combat readiness.
At rest - always watching the pair of side guards, and it is possible for tactical necessity (and it is sometimes necessary!) expose a secret-posts with a circular observation. Rest - Sleep pairs, change - over 2 o'clock. If necessary reconnaissance creates cache, one or more, to drive light, agile and fast, and individual stocks to replenish from the recesses. Typically, these caches are settling in the area of responsibility of special groups - in the region of the existence of a guerrilla base, which is the object of the search and observation.
Razvedspetsgruppa performs the task examining footprints, supervision, ambushes and raids, sabotage, as well as wearing down the enemy. In meetings with small groups of the enemy captured and interrogated prisoners, if this is not feasible, the enemy is destroyed from a silent weapon.
If there is time and opportunity, it is advisable to advance to the responsible razvedpoiska make a preliminary reconnaissance of the route. At the same time as carefully as possible to explore ways and approaches to the original object, with careful observation of these approaches from various points, because the presence of closed areas and zones of invisibility as seen from a vantage point it is impossible to detect unexpected obstacles on reconnaissance route. The forested mountainous terrain sharply rough terrain and closeness, hidden approaches to the entity sought, at first sight, more, than enough. However, a careful study of their set, some of them inundated and impassable, which mined, and in what areas the enemy tactically advantageous to expose the secret checkpoints.
The enemy may be based in small towns. And in natural masks, saving by means of electronic surveillance - in ravines, loshtinah, gorges, minings, depressions, for breakages and reverse slopes of heights, for nasыpyami, dams and other rugged terrain. In the forest, the enemy must be sought far from water sources.
Exploration settlements in the mountains held with nearby tactical heights. Before that, you need to carefully explore these very height, to fend off the enemy defensive positions - for the defense of the village the enemy will seek to equip the weapon emplacements in the surrounding locality altitudes.
At the approach to the settlements on the guerrilla side to avoid the windward side and open seats. dogs or you feel - they know their, and on other people's raise a ruckus.
Pay special attention to "abnormal silence" and the lack of movement in the settlements, there, where this movement was always. for the phenomenon secretly and patiently having observed some time, you can find interesting things - smoke from cigarettes, pairs mouth, various types of stirring, smells and sounds, familiar and unfamiliar.
You can not go into the abandoned houses - usually, they mined. You can not eat food left by the enemy - it is always (is always!) It is poisoned. Food in the war - especially valuable thing, and just like that it does not leave.
Task konrpartizanskoy taskforce has always been a search for guerrilla hideouts. In this case, set the earthworks on arrangement of caches can be spilled on the fresh or dried up ground, sliced layers of sod and place on a grass carpet, where these layers are cut. The production of such papers issued traces horse carts or pack animals, which exported excavated earth and bring up Materials. In a wooded area caches often are settling for large stumps and charred trees. They are very firmly on the large roots, which form the roof-ceiling. Ventilation while going through the hole in the charred tree. Through the same hollow extends periscope to observe the terrain.
The duties of the taskforce also includes a very unpleasant, but necessary work - excavation guerrilla graves. Exhumed the bodies described, photographed, thoroughly searched by, They are removed from the documents, writing, papers, photos, etc.. - very often they contain invaluable information.
Approaches to the guerrilla base carefully controlled disguised secret guerrilla checkpoint. Therefore, there should not rush. Inspection of the terrain and objects to carry out carefully, betraying and unmasking himself. Local items - bushes, stones, stumps is necessary to count and remember, how many there were and how many are in stock now!, and how it is located. before, than closer to local objects, carefully examine it from a distance. Try to detect any signs of, indicating the presence of the enemy. Local subject previously examined possible (there) with two or more points. Approach it should not be all at once, and having disguised fire cover band for secure. When viewed from the local subjects must be carefully monitored by the parties. Investigating thus terrain and gently moving the object particular search, necessary to use an increased observation and trained animal instinct. Remember: in the world of tactical reconnaissance razvedpraktike most "pierces" not near a desired object, and on the distant approaches to the object!
In observing the guerrilla bases in the mountains, and in the forest to lie still and not move - partisan observers secret-posts are also active and close observation. It should be wary of counter activity partisan sniping and capture groups!
Disguised observation post, Arranged on a high tree, cheeky Arranged in the vicinity of the guerrilla base or in the ways of the guerrilla movement, very beneficial, and, as it may seem strange, malozameten. Because its base near the line of secret outposts enemy soothed and more looks at his feet, what up. Dogs guard breeds usually sniffing the ground. Only dogs hunting breeds to sniff the atmosphere (the so-called "top flair").
When viewed from the top is well identified: traffic on the way to the base, roads, path, link, classes with l / opponent composition, It made the timing of events, originating in the guerrilla base. On all these grounds scouting quantitative and qualitative state of the enemy, the presence and location of its reserves, links to other bases and troops. Wherever possible, the personal composition of the guerrilla - surnames and names. Established the true level of combat training and discipline (eg, if on the basis of observed loitering and is not particularly employed women, it can tell a lot). Such tracing guerrilla bases hidden by deep raids highest points (with trees and high cliffs has always given tremendous results). In the modern development of surveillance can be especially not heroics, but simply to establish such points spetsvideokamery.
In any case, for such impudent and insolent actions should be closely monitored prior to the search object, which is carried out 2-3 point for from several hours to several days.
In addition to all the above task force is required to identify boundaries for a possible attack their main forces, path extension on the borders and outline the object of attack plan.
Exploration requires constant hard work of the brain and make independent non-standard solutions in non-recurring circumstances. Thinking is required every. Information should be accurate, and therefore the data are carefully checked and rechecked.
In the course of events takes all decisions reconnaissance, based on the actual input. If necessary, take captive, this problem is solved or razvednaletom a specific search object, or staging ambushes. Razvednalet on the enemy in the mountains is better to produce a top-down. This allows the enemy attack more quickly, productively and with less physical effort. Such coating is carried out with hard-to-rear direction and, where it is easier to achieve secrecy and suddenness, and where the enemy does not expect the attack. Should be considered, that the conduct of the enemy unsighted indiscriminate fire panic (especially in a smoke) It is advantageous for the convergence point to the object search and capture. If possible, better to avoid the "big war" – you can always "steal" Partisan, departed "to relieve himself in the bushes", throw garbage away from the base, or departed in the "AWOL", or else on the sly from the guerrilla leadership, has arranged with the same booze himself somewhere outside the perimeter of the base. There are also other options.
In the regeneration of an ambush on a mountain trail must be somewhere in the top of the trail in a safe place to equip the shelter of stones, desirable circular, and disguise it under the background terrain bedding of small stones. This shelter settling in a place with a good view and the day is used for intelligence surveillance. In the daytime reconnaissance utilizes refuge for rest and observation, at night down to the trail to take prisoners. The wait for the day, and there should be no perturbations, waste water and for the side on need!
Tranquility in the mountains is deceptive. In the mountains, observation is carried out not only by you. water, brought to a, drink only to resolve the group commander. Water reserve is limited.
Miracles do not happen. Higher headquarters will sooner or later have to accept the idea - common maneuver on foot reconnaissance in the rugged mountainous terrain difficult, and in certain areas it is generally impossible. In such cases, the only hope - to specialized mountain rangers unit, Alpini, mountain infantry divisions, "Snow Leopard" – in many countries they are called differently. Soldiers of these units have good (it simply can not be otherwise!) mountaineering training school, equipped with all the necessary climbing equipment (full equipment, not by one on ledorubom 8 pers., as usual) and trained to survive in the mountains. If possible, they are taken close to the location of the task in helicopters, and then they maneuver alone. Using the above mentioned possibilities are always small units (is always!) successfully carried out the necessary actions in the rear of the guerrilla and the guerrilla out of reach - they just go up by partisans. Their hiding places too inaccessible for guerrillas - to them just do not get it. Activities of the specialized anti-guerrilla mountain infantry divisions - piecework, which can be done only by professionals (it is a separate and extensive topic).
Combat work in the mountains - not a tourist walk. The weather in the mountains changes often, quickly and predictably enough. This is also a vast and separate topic. It is necessary to know at least the daily changes in site-specific areas and to be ready for these changes,.
After performing reconnaissance tasks assigned back to his. If there is a possibility, it is taken by helicopter. If not, chosen have themselves, wherein the other way desirable. the return path must be laid out even before the nomination for the job. reconnaissance, Return back the same way, on which nominated, often going missing.
If there are large gaps between the enemy's flanks by the return of a cautious trickle (cm. earlier).
In the presence of dense front edge to return to their basic reconnaissance force temporarily, but firm pressure wedge into the enemy's defenses and then depart back with "stuck" reconnaissance. There are other options. According to established practice vehicles, moving on rokadnyh (frontline) Roads checked at various positions very carefully. But the commander Transportation, It turned out to be very close to the front edge of the line of check posts, It is often not checked at all - it is considered, that is familiar and its transport.
When impudent enemy breakthrough is lost and does not open fire on a car, assuming, that there is a direct partisan superiors. Servility - a common phenomenon in all armies and armed groups. This tactical aspect at all times and in all wars, and our use of reconnaissance, and our, to rush to their. This is especially good at in places, where there is a continuous line of trenches.
Pavel Alekseev
Encyclopedia "Spetsnaz 21 century. Elite training ". SPC "Health of the Nation", OOO «VIPv»
