Cartridge 5.45x39 mm

cartridge 5.45x39

Domestic 5.45x39 cartridge is a typical example of, as the "arms race" encourages the implementation of design solutions, which in normal times shelved. The idea of ​​adopting a small-caliber cartridge with optimum ballistic characteristics as the main ammunition of small automatic weapons, It was proposed and justified in the early twentieth century, but it has found practical expression only at the end of the last century.

speech, of course, It is the work of the outstanding Russian designer VG. Fedorov, which is still in 1913 g. offered his automatic rifle chambered for a reduced caliber 6,5- mm, and in 1930-40-ies. fully justified by the benefits of small-caliber ammunition to the small effective range of fire. More than one decade Fedorov consistently and persistently championed the idea of ​​small caliber, and then little by impulse ammunition, combining in his works not only a weighty theoretical basis, but rich practical material. However, for several reasons, including a purely technological nature, his work for a long time did not have the practical implementation, while the matter is not connected the notorious factor of "arms race".

In recent years, it was felt (not without taking into account the experience of the Afghan war and recent local conflicts), that the lethal effect of the cartridge 5.45x39 mm inadequate. Despite, that the transition to a cartridge of caliber 5,45 mm has improved the accuracy of shooting (by reducing the recoil and increase the blank range almost 100 m), many fighters, acting in conflict zone, AKM caliber prefer 7,62 mm for their great penetrating ability and lethal force. Supporters of the cartridge 5,45 mm argue, that the problem is an outdated cartridge 7N6, and that new ammunition 7N10 (enhanced penetration) and 7N22 (piercing) caliber weapon 5,45 mm is comparable in its combat characteristics with the old patterns under chuck 7,62h39 mm.

The new sleeve

First time in the 5.45 mm cartridge was used maloimpulsnogo Nitric cellulose powder brand tubular VUfl 545, but he was almost immediately replaced by lacquer, newly developed brand Sf033fl (spheroid, the thickness of the burning vault - 0,33 mm, phlegmatised) spherical graining with higher performance and greater energy density gravimetric. Its weight has been selected 1,44 g. Gunpowder brand VUfl 545 is currently used only for equipment 5.45-mm bullet cartridges with a reduced ability to ricochet - IRS. Initially, the new bullets were filled in pereobzhatye bimetallic machine-sleeve "arr. 43 of the year", which had already been utilized in the production of domestic sporting and hunting cartridges 5,6h39 and used in hunting carbines "Bars".
Pilot batch in an amount of about 2 million. piece was designed to test the Odessa Military District. However, when operating in automatic weapons several drawbacks manifested in the sleeve designs with large slope and too "thick" enclosure. Application of a new powder cartridge in Sf033fl possible to reduce the diameter of the sleeve housing lossless desired characteristics of the munition. The project reduced the liner is made of the development team engineer Lidia Bulavskaya. At the final stage of working out a new compact munition received conditional index Developer (TSNIITOCHMASH, g. Klimovsk) - 13MJV. After final finishing bullets, technologist cartridge production made Michael Yegorovich Fedorov, I was assigned 5,45 mm, measured according to the domestic standard - the fields. For some time a new cartridge is done with the sleeves of the bimetal, but the final finishing step to chuck 1967 g. They have been fulfilled more cost-lacquered steel liner. The actual length of the liner was 39,82 mm, but is now internationally accepted designation of the ammunition cartridge length decided to round up 39 mm. For equipment cartridges of 5.45-mm cartridges used brass primer brand HF-16 diameter 5,06 mm, who later received index army 7KV1. The creation of a new ammunition involved a large team of specialists under the direction of Munitions VM. Sabelnikov.
In parallel with the experiments on ordinary work for the establishment of cartridges with special bullets - tracer and a reduced rate. After working the whole complex of new small-caliber infantry weapons of the Soviet Army - rifles and light machine guns - cartridge 5.45x39 7N6 received index Grau and was officially adopted in 1974 city, although its production began at the end of 1960. At the same time 7N6 ammunition with tracer bullets were taken (7T3 index), cartridges with a reduced speed of bullets (7U1 index), unmarried (7H3 index) and training (7x4 index). Manufacture of automatic ammunition were deployed at six Soviet ammunition plant - Ulyanovsk (№ 3), Amur (№ 7), Barnaul (№ 17), Frunze (№ 60), Lugansk (№ 270) and Tula (№ 539).

Standard bullet

7N6 bullet cartridge equip substation with a conical bottom portion length 25,55 mm and weight 3,4 g. The bullet comprised of bimetallic sheath, blunt leaden shirt and a core of steel 10. Between the upper end face of the bullet core and shell has a cavity technological. Charge of gunpowder Sf033fl (from 1987 g. - brand SSNf 30/3,69) According to an initial pool of about speed 870-890 m / s. later, due to the increased level of protection of objectives of personal protective equipment (NIB), there was a need to strengthen the ability of penetrating conventional bullets cal. 5,45-mm, It has been achieved through the use of a core of hardened steel grades 65G, 70 or 75. New modification 7N6M cartridge was adopted in 1987 g. 7N6 cartridges and 7N6M have special distinctive color markings. The subsequent appearance of body armor with titanium armor plates triggered the search for new ways to further enhance the breakdown of the 5.45 mm bullet cartridge. Specialists of the Luhansk Machine-Tool Plant (№ 270) to 1991 g. It was perfected cartridge with enhanced penetration bullet (symbol cartridge 5,45 PP), which, after adopting a received index Grau 7N10. Bullet got a new cartridge elongated extruded hardened core of steel grades 70 and 75 with a pointed top and a flat cut of the head of a diameter of about 1,8 mm. The head of the bullet also had the treatment cavity. In addition to increasing weight to bullets 3,6 g by increasing the length of the core, was also slightly increased weight of the powder charge - up 1,46 g. The new cartridge was adopted for, but with the collapse of the USSR the production line for the production of 7N10 cartridges and related rights for development were in Lugansk. In this situation, the Russian manufacturers to urgently had to "re-develop" cartridge 7N10, that later turned into a series of upgrades cartridge 5.45x39, which will be mentioned in our next issue.

tracer bullets

The second major patron bo ekomplekta 5.45 mm became a cartridge with a tracer bullet, which was developed in parallel at the earliest stage of experiments with small-caliber ammunition. Bullet structurally composed of a bimetallic sheath, lead core in the head portion and the tracer composition with a calibration ring - a bottom. Due to the small size of the bullet tracer composition was placed directly into the shell without tracer cup. To improve the incendiary effect of a two-component composition makes itself - from the main tracer composition and the initiation of its incendiary. To 1976 g. issued bullet length 26,45 mm and weight 3,36 g, which were soon replaced by a shorter length 25,32 mm and weight 3,2 g. Reducing the length of the bullet, without significantly affecting its performance, It allowed a few to reduce the length of a cylindrical drive part, what, in its turn, possible to reduce the wear on small arms barrel. Mass brand gunpowder charge was Sf0033fl 1,41 g. A cartridge with a tracer bullet under the symbol 5,45 T and index Grau 7T3 was adopted in 1974 g. Distinctive marking tracer ammunition bullet vertex coloring was green.

reduced speed

Another regular ammunition of 5.45 mm caliber was the cartridge with a reduced speed of bullets, received symbol 5,45US (7U1 cartridge index). It is designed for use with a weapon, equipped with a "tool silent and flameless fire" - PBS. Operating experience in the army domestic 7.62mm AKM device and PBS-1 served as the basis for the development of a similar complex for automatic AK74 cal. 5,45-mm. In the course of experimental work has consistently worked out various types of "silent" bullets with different models of devices noiseless and flameless firing - first with PBS-2, then - with PBS-3 and, finally, the final, taken into service goal - BSS- 4. During development, the designers faced a number of problems of technological and physical properties, related both to themselves ammunition, and arms under him. Small caliber and size bo epripasa cal. 5,45-mm greatly complicates the creation of a special cartridge with optimum characteristics. On the one hand for the satisfactory operation of PBSa needed to reduce the charge (to get a subsonic bullet speed) and to increase the weight of the bullet (to enhance its knockdown), and on the other - it was necessary to increase the mass of the propellant charge to extend the range of effective fire. The difference in length of the stems AK74 rifles, RPK74 guns and shortened machines AKS74U made virtually impossible to create a "universal" cartridge, It works equally in all samples. Besides, had to take into account the influence of a small-caliber barrel wear and tear on the ballistic characteristics of bullet. With increasing wear increased initial bullet velocity, and exceeding subsonic velocity nullified "subsonic" the principle of muffling sound. The result was a compromise solution - to work out the cartridge CSS only for short AKS74U machines with further refinement by an improved device PBS-4. This measure, in its turn, It restricted the use of PBS-4 only further elaborated models and machines, respectively, It narrowed the general distribution of the complex only to some special units of law enforcement agencies - the KGB, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Defense of the USSR. The new machine with the designation AKS74UB index Grau was assigned 6P27. Additionally AKS74UB could be equipped rifle grenade silent BS-1M 30mm cumulatively-incendiary grenade 7P25. Dannomu arms-granatometnomu kompleksu (SGK) Grau index was granted under the name "Canary" 6S1. Throwing 30mm grenades carried out using a special blank cartridge PHS, supplied from the charger 8 stores grenade. In parallel with the experiments to simulate BSS was constant improvement and cartridge CSS.

By the end of 1970 it developed the first version of the cartridge, consisting of common bullets 7N6 and reduced charge of gunpowder. The cartridge has enhanced spraying bullets at the junction with the sleeve and the top of the black bullets. Then special bullet with a lead core and reduced radius of the ogive has been developed to the cartridge CSS. The distinctive marking of the new model was the color cartridge CS-ka vershinki bullet purple varnish. However, the new bullet weight was insufficient to complete the work of BSS, and structure, except lead core, additional weighted core of tungsten-cobalt alloy was introduced (brands VK8). To improve the fitting bullet in the barrel diameter was increased it with 5,65 mm to 5,67mm, which is why its ogive appeared characteristic ledge. The total length of the bullet was revised 24,3 mm. As the propellant used pistol powder grade P-125 mass 0,31 g. The release of several batches of the final version 7U1 of the cartridge has been launched in the late 1980s. Lugansk Machine-Tool Plant.

Singles and training

At the end of 1970. to simulate the sound of a shot is fired from a staff weapon cal. 5,45- mm designers CRI SPOT VI MASH. Volkov and BA. Johansen was developed by a blank cartridge. In step being followed experiments blank cartridge with an elongate dulcitol, crimped star. Subsequently, however, preference was given to patrons with a conventional sleeve and the plastic hollow bullet white. This cartridge was adopted for use under the symbol Grau 7H3. Blank cartridge is used together with a special muzzle bushing, which provides the necessary level of propellant gas pressure during firing and the guaranteed destruction of the plastic "bullet". By 1980-ies. on the joint Dultsev sleeve and a bullet blank cartridges applied lacquer sealer purple, later they began to use red nail.
V1970-ies. 5.45-mm training cartridge was developed to teach the rules of handling weapons (Grau 7x4 index). this ammunition, developed by designer TSNIITOCHMASH VI. Volkov, It consists of a standard liner with oholoschennym capsule and conventional PS bullet. Training ammunition bullet has enhanced fixation in Dultsev sleeve and four longitudinal grooves on the casing liner. Lacquer sealer and a distinguishing color marking on the training cartridge is not applied.
During the Soviet era nomenklatura cal ammo. 5,45-mm was much more modest in comparison with the 7.62 mm cartridge arr. 43 of the year. In this caliber bullets were missing from the incendiary and armor-piercing incendiary bullets. This was associated with a small internal volume bullets, not allowing to place 'marker' elements incendiary systems and any effective amount of initiator compositions.

Separate bright episode in domestic history intermediate small-caliber ammunition flashed 5.6 mm sporting cartridge "Biatlon". Since the mid-1960s. in parallel with working 5.45-mm submachine gun cartridge in the Soviet Union began work on creating sports small-caliber ammunition and sporting rifles. As in the case of 5.45-mm cartridge automaton, as a base for the development of promising sporting ammunition used sleeve 7.62 mm submachine gun cartridge "arr. 43 of the year". But, Unlike military ordnance, sleeve sports patron at once was made of brass, that is the norm for sporting cartridges. The result is powerful enough ammunition with long sleeve 45 mm, allows you to place a sufficiently large powder charge, and bullet length 25,0 mm and weight 4,93 g. The capsule had an enhanced fixation with a triple point punching. Under the new cartridge Izhevsk designers Anisimov and Susloparov developed the world's first "biathlon" rifle BI-5 with fast recharging and low recoil. The release of new cartridges produce small experimental batches in the late 1960's - early 1970's. Small-scale production of rifles BI-5 was established in 1973-1975 gg. in the experimental shop Izhmash. The first time a cartridge and rifle were "run" on the intra biathlon, and in 1976, during the Winter Olympic Games in g. Innsbruck in Austria, world premiere. The result exceeded all expectations: all the gold went to the Soviet national team. n. Kruglov became the Olympic champion in the race for 20 km, and the team of the USSR - the Olympic champion in relay race. New Soviet patron created a furor, tk. while even the regular submachine gun 5.45 mm ammunition was for Europe a mystery, and what else can be said about the highly specialized sports. A year later, the world biathlon bye with powerful ammunition: at 1977 g. at the Congress of the International Federation of Pentathlon and Biathlon new rules were adopted, according to which a 1978 g. standard cartridge for biathlon became .22 "Long Rifle", and the distance to the target was reduced to 50 m.
Farewell Soviet biathlon rifle with a promising place in 1977 g. in the Norwegian city Vingrome. The main hero of the sprint race was outstanding Soviet biathlete Alexander Tikhonov. Not allowing a single miss, leaving far behind all the competitors, at the final stage of the race the athlete withdrew with a shoulder rifle, He raised it above his head, and so overcome the past 300-400 meters distance. At the finish he defiantly threw their arms in the snow, never to take it in hand. According to the recollections of eyewitnesses, present at this competition the King of Norway barely hold back the tears - was so poignant scene. So Tikhonov won his last, 11-Yu, gold medal, And thus ended the career of the domestic sports patron 5,6h45 "Biathlon". The following year, in the Austrian Hochfilzen World Cup held, but under the new rules and the new cartridges. Our team came back without a single award.
Special clips fast charging have been adopted to facilitate equipment ammunition stores on arms (6YU20 index. 6) on 15 rounds. anticipated, that under, close to the fighting, a soldier can have a spare ammunition, pre-fitted out in the cage for quick equipment stores during the battle. Fixing collar on the neck of the store by means of a special adapter-adapter Y-shaped (index 6YU20.7). In developing the clips have been tested, and other options, like with an adapter, and without it.

The shops

machine powered AK-74 was carried out from a box store sector (6L23 index) capacity 30 rounds, made of steklovoloknita mark AG-4B orange. box-sector high-capacity stores have been designed for light machine guns RPK-74 on 45 rounds (6L18 index), which are also made of AG-4B steklovoloknita. Since the 1980s,. shops on 30 cartridges, and new and improved shopping on 45 rounds (6L26 index) Steel produced from glass fiber reinforced polyamide PA-6 dark purple, received in the military nickname "drain". Beginning with 1970- ies., with varying degrees of intensity were carried out experimental work on further improving capacity ammunition stores. Perfected options for a steel-chargers 60 stores the 4-line arrangement of ammunition rounds followed by rearrangement at the mouth in a standard 2-row pitch. However, the practical implementation of these activities took place only 2000 city, when weapons of power structures of the Russian Federation store high-capacity, was adopted (RF Patent number 2158890) of black plastic.

Th year 1991 was a turning point in the history of the cartridge 5.45x39. After that, turn the dissemination and practical application of 5.45-mm submachine gun ammunition narrowed to a framework for the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and work on the development and improvement of the ammunition with varying degrees of intensity produced only a few former Soviet republics - in Russia, Ukraine and some time - in Kyrgyzstan.

The Soviet government rather late has adopted a decision on adopting the countries of the Warsaw Pact weapons under 5,45 mm. With even greater delay and reluctantly country ATS have adopted their armies and the munitions developed under it the Soviet system of small arms, and only some of them have created their own models of weapons in this caliber. And not having time to win popularity among the Soviet Union's neighbors, Soviet 5.45x39 caliber actually lost its relevance in the late 1980s. in connection with the reorientation of many Eastern European countries towards the western model of statehood, including in the military field. At the beginning 1990- X ATS many countries have abandoned rifle Soviet-style systems and began to re-sample NATOvskogo standard - caliber 9x19, 5,56h45 and 7,62h51. By the mid-2000s, not only of the countries of the former Warsaw Pact, but also some of the former republics of the Soviet Union officially joined the NATO military bloc, finally took the path of "de-Sovietization" of its small arms. Nevertheless, a number of reasons political and economic 5.45x39 still remains the main machine-gun ammunition of many post-Soviet states. Especially that resource for its modernization is far from exhausted, and hardly will be replaced in the near future 5,45- mm cartridge in any other similar caliber.

5,45 mm Intermediate cartridge with a bullet with steel
core (7n6, 7n6M)

cartridge Features
Caliber 5,45 × 39
The length of the cartridge, 56.6 mm ... 57.0
cartridge Weight, r ... 10.2 10.4

Characteristics of the propellant charge
Type of smokeless gunpowder, piroksilinovyi. Marka gunpowder Sf033fl
Desks Weight propellant charge, g 1.43 ... 1.45
Density, loading, g / sm3 0,929
The maximum pressure of propellant gases, MPa 294,2
The shape and size of the powder grains cylindrical plate (cake)
outside diameter, mm 0.38 ... 0.87
thickness, mm 0.24 ... 0.26

Features bullets
bullet type shell
bullet weight, g 3.40 ... 3.42
bullet Length, 25.50 25.65 mm ...
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 5.72 ... 5.75
bullet Shear load, g / cm2 14,66
Ballistic coefficient bullets,m2 / kg 3,77
Bullet Jacket Material Steel, plakyrovannaya tombac
bullet shell Weight, 1.30 g ... 1,45
Building material St10 steel core bullet, St65G, St70, St75
Desks Weight bullet core,g 1.42 ... 1.45

Specifications sleeve
The shape and type of thermowell . bottle,jointless
Mass sleeve with primer, g 5.50 ... 5.57
The length of the sleeve, 39.5 mm ... 39.7
The free volume of the sleeve,cm2 1,74
The volume of the liner with a bullet planted, cm3 1,56
Material steel sleeve, lacquered. A method of fastening a bullet tight fit

additional information
Bore area 0,242 (automatic AKM-74), cm2
Muzzle velocity (automatic AKM-74), m / s 870 ... 910
Muzzle energy bullets (automatic AKM-74), J 1286.7 1416.1 ...

5,45 mm Intermediate cartridge with a bullet increased
penetration, ability (7HI0, 7HI0M)

cartridge Features
Caliber 5,45 × 39
The length of the cartridge, 56.6 mm ... 57.0
cartridge Weight, 10.55 g ... 10,64

Characteristics of the propellant charge
Type of smokeless gunpowder, piroksilinovyi. Mark gunpowder Sf0ZZfl,VUfl
The weight of powder charge, g 1.49 ... 1.51
loading density, g / sm3 0,967
Maximum pressure of the propellant gases, MPa 306,5
The shape and size of the powder grains (Sf0ZZfl) cylindrical plate (cake)
outside diameter, mm 0,38.. .0,87
thickness, mm 0.24 ... 0.26

Features bullets

bullet type shell
bullet weight, g 3.56 ... 3.62
bullet Length, 25.50 25.65 mm ...
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 5.72 ... 5.75
bullet Shear load, g / cm2 15,52
Ballistic coefficient bullets, m2 / kg 3,58
Bullet Jacket Material Steel, plakyrovannaya tombac
bullet shell Weight, 1.30 g ... 1,45
Material St70 steel core bullet, St75
Desks Weight bullet core, 1.72 g ... 1,80

Specifications sleeve
The shape and type of cartridge bottle, jointless
Desks Weight sleeve with a primer, g 5.50 ... 5.57
The length of the sleeve, 39.5 mm ... 39.7
free volume, cm3 1,74
The volume of the liner with a bullet planted,cm3 1,56
Material steel sleeve, lacquered. A method of fastening a bullet tight fit

additional information
Bore area 0,242 (automatic AKM-74), cm2
Muzzle velocity (automatic AKM-74), m / s 900 ... 960
Muzzle energy bullets (automatic AKM-74), J 1441.8 1668.1 ...
Dulcitol edge of the sleeve is coated with varnish violet

5,45 mm Intermediate cartridge with armor-piercing bullet (7n22)

cartridge Features
Caliber 5.45x39 mm
The length of the cartridge, 56.6 mm ... 57.0
cartridge Weight, g ... 10.60 10.72

Characteristics of the propellant charge
Type of smokeless gunpowder, piroksilinovyi. Mark gunpowder Sf033fl
The weight of powder charge, g 1.43 ... 1.45
loading density, g / sm3 0,929
The maximum pressure of propellant gases, MPa 294,2
The shape and size of the powder grains cylindrical plate (cake)
outside diameter, mm 0.38 ... 0.87
thickness, mm 0.24 ... 0.26

Features bullets
bullet type shell
bullet weight, g 3.65 ... 3.69
bullet Length, 25.50 25.65 mm ...
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 5.72 ... 5.75
bullet Shear load, g / sm3 15,82
Ballistic coefficient bullets, m2 / kg 3,51
Bullet Jacket Material Steel, plakyrovannaya tombac
bullet shell Weight, g 1.30 ... 1.45
Material of the bullet core tool steel U12A
Weight of core bullets, g 1.75 ... 1.80

Specifications sleeve
The shape and type of cartridge bottle, jointless
Desks Weight sleeve with a primer, g 5.50 ... 5.57
The length of the sleeve, 39.5 mm ... 39.7
Free volume of the sleeve, cm3 1,74
The volume of the liner with a bullet planted, cm3 136
Material steel sleeve, lacquered. A method of fastening a bullet tight fit

additional information
Bore area 0,242 (automatic AKM-74),cm2
Muzzle velocity (automatic AKM-74), m / s 870 ... 910
Muzzle energy bullets (automatic AKM-74), J 1381.3 1527.8 ...
The top of the bullet is painted black

5,45 mm Intermediate cartridge with reduced velocity bullets (7IN1)

cartridge Features
caliber 5.45x39
The length of the cartridge, 56.6 mm ... .57,0
cartridge Weight, g ... 10.75 11.00

Characteristics of the propellant charge
Type of smokeless gunpowder, piroksilinovyi. Brand powder P-45
The weight of powder charge, 0.25 ... 0.30 g
loading density, g / sm3 0,194
The maximum pressure of propellant gases, MPa 94,7
The shape and size of the powder grains tube
outside diameter, 0.7 ... 0.9 mm
inner diameter, 0.10 ... 0.15 mm
length, 0.7 ... 1.1 mm

Features bullets
bullet type shell
bullet Desks Weight, g 5.0 ... 5.2
bullet Length, 24.5 mm ... 24.8
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 5.72 ... 5.75
bullet Shear load, g / cm2 22,3
Ballistic coefficient bullets, m2 / kg 3,11
Bullet Jacket Material Steel, plakyrovannaya tombac
bullet shell Weight ,1.35 ... 1.45 g
Material St10 steel core bullet
Weight of core bullets, g 0.69 ... 0.74

Specifications sleeve
The shape and type of cartridge bottle, jointless
Mass sleeve with primer, g 5.50 ... 5.57
The length of the sleeve, 39.5 mm ... 39.7
The free volume of the sleeve, cm3 1,74
The volume of the liner with a bullet planted,cm3 1,548
Material steel sleeve, lacquered. A method of fastening a bullet tight fit and crimp sleeve edge dulcitol

additional information

Bore area 0,242 (AK-74UN2 with PBS-4),cm2
Muzzle velocity 300 ... 303 (AK-74UN2 with PBS-4), m / s
Muzzle energy bullets 225.0 238.7 ... (AK-74UN2 with PBS-4), J.
The top of the bullet is painted in purple color with a green belt

5,45 mm Intermediate cartridge with a tracer bullet (7TZ,7T3M)

cartridge Features
Caliber 5,45 × 39
The length of the cartridge, 56.6 mm ... 57.0
Macca патрона, g ... 10.23 10.30

Characteristics of the propellant charge
Type of smokeless gunpowder, piroksilinovyi. Mark gunpowder Sf033fl
Macca propellant charge, r 1,3 ... 1,4
loading density, g / sm3 0,915
The maximum pressure of propellant gases, MPa 294,2
The shape and size of the powder grains cylindrical plate

(cake)

outside diameter, mm 0.38 ... 0.87
thickness, mm 0.24 ... 0.26

Features bullets
bullet type shell
bullet weight, g 3.20 ... 3.23
bullet Length, .25.0 mm ... 25.2
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 5.72 ... 5.75
bullet Shear load, g / cm2 13,85
Ballistic coefficient bullets, m2 / kg 5,01
Bullet Jacket Material Steel, plakyrovannaya tombac
bullet shell Weight, g 1.30 ... 1.45
Material lead bullet core doped with 1 ... 2%
Weight of core bullets, 1.33 ... 1.35 g

Specifications sleeve
The shape and type of cartridge bottle, jointless
Mass sleeve with primer, g 5.50 ... 5.57
The length of the sleeve, 39.5 mm ... 39.7
The free volume of the sleeve, cm3 1,74
The volume of the liner with a bullet planted, cm3 1,53
Material steel sleeve, lacquered. A method of fastening a bullet tight fit and crimp sleeve edge dulcitol

additional information
Bore area 0,242 (automatic AKM-74), cm2
Muzzle velocity (automatic AKM-74), m / s 870 ... 910
Muzzle energy bullets (automatic AKM-74),J 1211.1 1337.4 ...
The top of the bullet is green

5,45 mm Intermediate blank cartridge with a bullet–imitatorom (7X3)

cartridge Features
Caliber 5,45 × 39
The length of the cartridge, 56.0 mm ... 56.3
cartridge Weight, g 6.4 ... 6.6

Characteristics of the propellant charge
Type of smokeless gunpowder, piroksilinovyi. Mark gunpowder Sf033fl, P-45
The weight of powder charge, 0.60 ... 0.61 g
loading density, g / sm3 0,356
The maximum pressure of propellant gases, MPa 94,7
The shape and size of the powder grains (P-45) a tube
outside diameter, 0.7 ... 0.9 mm
inner diameter, 0.10 ... 0.15 mm
length, 0.7 ... 1.1 mm
The shape and size of the powder zepna (Sf033fl) cylindrical plate (cake)
outside diameter, mm 0.38 ... 0.86
thickness, mm 0,24. ,.0,26

Features bullets

bullet shell-less type

bullet weight, 0.24 ... 0.25 g
bullet Length, 21.2 mm ... 21.6
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, 5.5 mm ... 5.6
Material bullet polymer

Specifications sleeve
The shape and type of thermowell, bottle, bseflantsevaya
Mass sleeve with primer, g 5.50 ... 5.57
The length of the sleeve, 39.5 mm ... 39.7
Free volume of the sleeve, cm3 1,74
The volume of the liner with a bullet planted, cm3 1,71
Material steel sleeve, lacquered. Method fastening bullet tight fit and segment crimp sleeve dulcitol and 4-point PUNCHING.

5,45 mm Training intermediate cartridge (7X4)

cartridge Features
Caliber 5,45 × 39
The length of the cartridge, 56.6 mm ... 57.0
cartridge Weight, g 8.9 ... 9.0

Features bullets
bullet type shell
bullet weight, g 3.40 ... 3.42
bullet Length, 25.50 25.65 mm ...
The diameter of the leading part of the bullet, mm 5.72 ... 5.75
Bullet Jacket Material Steel, plakyrovannaya tombac
bullet shell Weight, g 1.30 ... 1.45
Material St10 steel core bullet
Weight of core bullets, g 1.42 ... 1.45

Specifications sleeve
The shape and type of cartridge bottle, jointless
Mass sleeve with primer, g 5.50 ... 5.57
The length of the sleeve, 39.5 mm ... 39.7
Material steel sleeve, lacquered. A method of fastening a bullet tight fit and crimp sleeve dulcitol.

sources: open sources on the net, site gunmag.com.ua/5-45×39/, Google photos