in close combat shooting technique is very different from the standard. It takes into account the psychological and physical reactions of the human body to severe stress, appearing in battle. Combat stress makes it impossible to use normal shooting position since owing to the outflow of blood from the brain to the major muscle groups the operator loses precise motor control and ability to think quickly and clearly.
Therefore, the shooting in CQB (Close Quarters Battle) It requires quick reaction and limit the automatism of all the movements for the most efficient and rapid destruction (neutralization) the enemy. The simplicity and naturalness of shooting positions, Firepower selected weapons systems, Working out the mechanics of movement at the level of instinct and reaction are at the basis of success. Sometimes shooting can be carried out only in a specific part of the body. control line (Burst Control). Shooting is short bursts of two or three shots. A larger number of shots in the queue irrationally, tk. due to the withdrawal of the muzzle from the line of sight subsequent shots can no longer hit the target. If the weapon has a cut-off line, then it is advisable to use it.
tactical reload (Tactical Reload). Shooting in CQB possible not conducted until complete consumption of the store, and in some cases up to half of its, then made the store a new replacement, while partially used store remains available for future use. This is done in order to exclude the possibility of joining an operator in contact with the incomplete firing store. Tactical recharge only in their spare time in a safe situation if there is a cover from another operator or turns of each half of the team at the end of a fire contact and the beginning of the subsequent phase of the storm.
The body is turned in the direction of the threat
Feet shoulder width apart
The arms are extended forward at eye level and form a rigid triangle together with the torso
It is NOT ALLOWED to turn the head without turning the body. All turns are made uniform system of gun-hands-body. Position allows you to maintain the right balance, without straining your legs and back.
Hold the gun in front of the hands on outstretched used to compensate for the loss of precise motor control necessary when aiming, and, because with the weapons hand tend to lock elbows with combat stress.
When used properly, this technique is a bullet hitting the point, which looks operator.
fire regimes:
"Fast deuce"(Double Tap) - maximum two quick shots on target, without recovery phase between shots and aiming. The second shot increases the probability of hitting the target and gets usually higher than the first. This technique of shooting is required for the application of always. Rest (2,3) used rarely and only at the discretion of the operator.
"Quick Hammer" - Quick deuce plus recovery and an aimed shot in the head.
"Double Hammer" - two quick sighting shot with recovery and aiming between them. Slow Fast twos, therefore used when shooting at a considerable distance.
Movement in CQB can be described as fast, clear and quiet. The movement does not occur without a cause. Never make unnecessary movements, because it poses a threat to your unit. When you move always bend down and try to be the smallest goal. Running is
supernumerary, extra way to travel. but, running when the team needs detected, and should quickly change the position to repel the attack.
Fire cover is the most important aspect of the movement. If the unit has come to a ladder, open arm, intersection corridors or other form of open space, Further movement will only take place under the guise of a mutual. Scheme shown below.
Construction and structure assault group in motion. Basic element: This two operators, which have the same color (eg. Krasnyy1 and Krasnyy2 form Red Element) they produce all
Only a pair of movement, tk. Two people in CQB is minimal combat unit - they are able to provide each other cover. Assault team consists of four / five / six operators. Tactics originally designed for four operators (two elements).
Before the unit starts to storm it must try to gather as much information about the enemy. Knowing where the enemy, it can destroy much faster, more efficiently and with less loss on its part. Standard operating element for carrying out a reconnaissance team (commands) two suitably trained operators, acting solely in conjunction.
First equipped collection point. At this point, all the elements will come after collecting the necessary data. Her division commander collects and processes the information for further action and development plan for the assault. Generally when extra intelligence part of the equipment is left to the collection point, the operator can move around as quiet.
It should be noted, when fighting at close distance sound, It can generally be greater unmasking factor, tk. most of the time the direct visual contact with the enemy is not. During the exploration for communication inside the cell signals are applied left (free, Do not shoot) hand.
Their main set is fairly simple and should always be well-known to all operators. Change, use of non-standard signals and their invention "on the fly" PROHIBITED.
During the reconnaissance element should:
Avoid being detected by the enemy.
Move slowly and carefully, do not make noise and not to talk.
· Finding an enemy, in accordance with the instructions to remember its position, report to the commander or bring the card / record for future use.
・Attack the enemy, just being discovered and is a direct threat to his side.
After carrying out reconnaissance elements are returned to a collection point. The commander is developing a detailed action plan and communicate it to all operators. Operator, He is a professional in their field, in addition to its immediate task is obliged to know and the general plan of operation (if it allows its degree of secrecy) - it dramatically increases its effectiveness.
Conducting intelligence operations - a problem, which are capable of handling only a very experienced and trained operators, Intelligence art is very difficult to comprehend, and it requires ingenuity division commander, flexibility and lateral thinking. The entire operation may be failed on the information gathering stage, so if the commander is not sure how good the intelligence operations would be more correct not to hold it at all even though it can significantly increase the loss, require additional resources or increase the complexity and duration of the fire contact.
The ability to conduct combat operations in populated areas (FIBUA) It is a necessary skill for a modern fighter. Most modern military operations, associated with heavy losses and massive bloodshed took place in a dense housing, t. it is. in settlements.
Military operations in populated areas, preferably lead small combat groups. This makes it possible to equalize the chances, even if the enemy forces greatly exceed the number of your. Retraction of enemy infantry in the assault on high-rise buildings, collectors, tunnels, cellars, etc.. It can significantly reduce the level of numerical and technical superiority
the enemy.
When you move the fighting into towns, in a lot of new factors introduced the strategy and tactics. Building, dust, the ruins of all that impairs visibility and limits the firing zone. Combat operations are divided into separate pockets, and often are conducted one-on-one. Also for FIBUA characterized by increased consumption of ammunition and a radio glitch, associated with the radio shielding high-rise buildings.
For both sides, for attacking, and for defending a number of common factors. Soldiers are in significant stress, so they need special training for combat in settlements. One of the most important factors, is an, so-called, humanitarian factor. Fighting in the settlements are conducted in residential, and business districts, belonging to the civilian population. Looting and wanton destruction of civilian fuel the hatred.
In addition, the ruins may overlap routes and give the enemy more and more shelters. At the same time looting causes discontent and opposition to the civilian population, that can lead, denial of soldiers to fight and abandonment of military equipment to transport the loot.
Most military operations and even military campaigns were conducted in urban and industrial areas. During WWII battles were fought in the streets and in the industrial zones of Stalingrad 1942, Warsaw 1939, 1943 and 1944, Berlin and Manila 1945. AT 1950 We were serious battles for Seoul, during the Korean War, Beirut 1958 and 1975 to 1982.
The uprising in Budapest 1956. During the Vietnam War, American and South Vietnamese paratroopers fighting in Hue during the Tet Offensive in 1968. In the 90's during the civil war in Yugoslavia, the city turned into battlefields, Sarajevo was under siege by the Serbian army.
And 21 century, the ability to conduct combat operations in populated areas remains the favorite form of battle against overwhelming odds.
What you should first pay attention at the Defense organization in the settlements? Your position should have a good zone of fire and be in on the most likely routes of movement fighting the enemy. Positions should be well fortified. When choosing the position it should be remembered, that most modern buildings have thin walls, fixed or on a steel frame, or on concrete reinforcing structures, and large windows.
The ideal building, brick-built, stone and having a reinforced construction. Chosen for the position building should have more than one floor and basement: the upper floors can be protected from artillery and mortar fire, while the basement can become a first-aid post, ammunition depot, arms, equipment, food and water.
Prior to the commencement of any hostilities buildings should be prepared to defend. Preparation involves the removal of window and other windows (the explosion is transformed into a variety of deadly splinters), stretch mesh in windows in order to avoid casting grenades. The houses is recommended to leave the curtains on the windows, t. to. they screen movement indoors. Alternatively, you can use burlap, nailed it to the window frames.
Ceilings and walls should be reinforced with wooden beams. Sand bags are commonly used in the door lock, as well as to strengthen the walls and floors to protect against small arms and small fragments. The bags can be used for the construction of silos inside buildings. These silos typically used for machine-gun and sniper and calculations are based on the distance, from 1,5 m, from the window in order to hide the smoke and flames with
shooting. Other shooting embrasures can be arranged in the roof, attics (of
walls knocked some bricks) and directly on the roof using natural terrain and sandbags. There is the practice of placing anti-settlement on the roof for the purpose of destruction of armored vehicles from the most poorly protected - top.
Infantry and anti-tank estimates should be placed in positions which give the maximum opportunity to attack in the vertical and horizontal planes. In order to deceive the enemy might fake embrasures image using black paint on the walls, as well as the creation of the illusion of empty buildings strongholds. Window sills are closed board stuffed with "hedgehog" nails. Stairs descend or overlap with barbed wire, or Bruno spiral, the doors are upholstered with nails, same, as sill. Move between floors inside the house are made with the help of a ladder through the openings made in the floor and the ceiling. During the battle in the building, on different floors, staircase between whom between rooms can be easily removed.
The barbed wire can be used, as an addition to the existing natural barriers (fences, fences, walls), and also to prevent attacks from the roof. downspouts, and various fasteners, which can be used by the attacker to penetrate into the building, must be removed. In Beirut, the rebels often left dangling from
roof exposed live wires in places of possible attack. Before the outbreak of hostilities with water all the available capacity should be filled, including baths and sinks, t. to. water may be necessary not only to quench thirst, but also to extinguish possible fires.
Both anti-personnel mines, and anti-may be used for the organization of "walk-through funnels" in the combat zone to the direction of military equipment and personnel of the enemy on a certain route, as well as direct approaches to defend themselves targets to reduce the rate of attack.
Positions should be held to the limit, but only a fanatic would die, protecting them. Inputs and outputs, including openings in the walls of adjacent buildings, They can be used to quickly move the purpose, how to improve the efficiency of fire, and for waste, if enemy fire is too strong.
In any case, the most appropriate tactic - it does not stay passive. Mobile combat patrols are used for combat operations outside the fortifications, as well as for intelligence purposes to detect personnel and combat materiel. The task of these mobile teams include actions, which will not allow the enemy to make a detailed plan of defense
structures, as well as actions aimed at the destruction of personnel and equipment of the enemy and demoralize the strikers before joining them in fighting the main forces.
It should be noted, that air support in the settlements is not as effective, which was confirmed by NATO air strikes in Bosnia. The most logical option of using air support is the destruction of military equipment and personnel on the way to defend themselves and the destruction of the object columns machinery, as well as convoys of equipment and ammunition. As soon as the formation of ground involved in fighting, it becomes difficult even to use military helicopters without prejudice to their units.
